10
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/10
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/images/E_SDG_Icons-10.jpg
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg10
5.0
10.5281/zenodo.3817445
10.5281/zenodo.3817443
https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdgs
SDG-10 reduce inequalities
The international community has made significant strides towards lifting people out of poverty. The
most vulnerable nations – the least developed countries, the landlocked developing countries and the small
island developing states – continue to make inroads into poverty reduction. However, inequality persists and
large disparities remain regarding access to health and education services and other assets.
There is growing consensus that economic growth is not sufficient to reduce poverty if it is not inclusive and if
it does not involve the three dimensions of sustainable development – economic, social and environmental.
Fortunately, income inequality has been reduced both between and within countries. At the current time, the per
capita income of 60 out of 94 countries with data has risen more rapidly than the national average. There has
been some progress regarding creating favorable access conditions for exports from least developing countries as
well.
To reduce inequality, policies should be universal in principle, paying attention to the needs of disadvantaged
and marginalized populations. There needs to be an increase in duty-free treatment and continuation of favoring
exports from developing countries, in addition to increasing the share of developing countries’ vote within the
IMF. Finally, innovations in technology can help reduce the cost of transferring money for migrant workers.
CC-BY v4 INT
Aurora Universities Network (AUR); René Otten (VUA); Eike Spielberg (UDE); Felix Schmidt (UDE); Maurice Vanderfeesten (VUA); Alessandro Arienzo (UNA); Roberto delle Donne (UNA); Ignasi Salvadó Estivill (URV); José Luis González Ugarte (URV); Didier Vercueil (UGA); Nykohla Strong (UAB); Eike Spielberg (UDE); Linda Hasse (UDE); Ane Sesma (UEA); Baldvin Zarioh (UIC); Friedrich Gaigg (UIN); Nicolien van der Grijp (VUA); Yasin Gunes (VUA);
Eike Spielberg (UDE); Peter van den Besselaar (VUA)
2020-06-30
1
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/10.1
By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the
population at a rate higher than the national average
10.1.1
Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the
population and the total population
( ( "income*" ) W/3 ( "growth*" ) ) AND ( "poorest" OR "disadvantaged" OR "marginali*" )
( ( "income*" ) W/3 ( "equal*" OR "inequal*" OR "distribution" ) ) W/3 ( "poorest" OR "disadvantaged" OR "marginali*" )
("growth rate*") W/3 ("income*" OR "per capita" OR "household expenditure")
2
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/10.2
By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all,
irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status
10.2.1
Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income, by age, sex and persons with
disabilities
( "social*" OR "socioeconomic*" OR "economic*" OR "politic*" ) W/3 ( "inclusion" OR "exclusion" )
3
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/10.3
Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by
eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation,
policies and action in this regard
10.3.1
Proportion of the population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed
within the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under
international human rights law
( "reduc*" ) W/3 ( "equality" OR "inequalit*" ) W/3 ( "legislati*" OR "law*" OR "polic*" OR "action*" OR "practice*" )
( "discriminat*" ) W/3 ( "legislati*" OR "law*" OR "polic*" OR "action*" OR "practice*" )
( "opportun*" ) W/3 ( "equal*" ) W/3 ( "legislati*" OR "law*" OR "polic*" OR "action*" OR "practice*" )
4
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/10.4
Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and
progressively achieve greater equality
10.4.1
Labour share of GDP, comprising wages and social protection transfers
( ( "polic*" OR "legislati*" OR "law*" OR "action*" OR "practice*" ) W/3 ( "fiscal" OR "wage*" OR "social protection" ) ) AND ( "equality" )
( ( "labour" OR "labor" OR "wage*" OR "social protection" ) W/3 ( "share" ) ) AND ( "GDP" OR "gross domestic product" )
5
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/10.5
Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and
institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations
10.5.1
Financial Soundness Indicators
( "regulat*" OR "monitor*" ) AND ( ( "global*" ) W/6 ( "financial market*" OR "financial institution*" ) )
("Financial Soundness") AND ("Indicator*")
6
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/10.6
Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in
decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more
effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutions
10.6.1
Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations
( ( "representation" OR "voice" OR "voting right*" ) W/3 ( "international*" )) AND ( "developing countr*" )
7
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/10.7
Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of
people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies
10.7.1
Recruitment cost borne by employee as a proportion of yearly income earned in country of destination
10.7.2
Number of countries that have implemented well-managed migration policies
("migration polic*")
a
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/10.a
Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing
countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade Organization
agreements
10.a.1
Proportion of tariff lines applied to imports from least developed countries and developing
countries with zero-tariff
( "WTO" OR "World Trade Organization" OR "World Trade Organisation" ) AND ( "develop* countr*" OR "least developed countr*" OR "small island*" )
( ( ( "import*" OR "trad*" ) W/3 ( "tarif*" ) ) AND ( "develop* countr*" OR "least developed countr*" OR "small island*" ) )
b
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/10.b
Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including
foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed
countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in
accordance with their national plans and programmes
10.b.1
Total resource flows for development, by recipient and donor countries and type of flow (e.g.
official development assistance, foreign direct investment and other flows)
( ( ( "development*" ) W/3 ( "assist*" OR "support*" OR "program*" ) )
AND ( "develop* countr*" OR "least developed countr*" OR "small island*" ) AND ( "financial*" OR "donor" ) )
c
http://metadata.un.org/sdg/10.c
By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant
remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per cent
10.c.1
Remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remitted
( "remittance" ) AND ( "migrant*" OR "emigrant*" OR "immigrant*" )
2009
2020